In sociology, code switching is when a person alters their speech to conform to different cultural norms. For example, marginalized people may use one way of speaking around their community and ...

Celeste Rodriguez Louro receives funding from the Australian Research Council and Google, including for the research in this article. Ben Hutchinson is employed by Google. Glenys Dale Collard receives ...

Code-switching is more than just a linguistic phenomenon; it’s a dynamic expression of identity, culture, and survival. Code-switching is a nuanced and multifaceted practice that goes beyond merely ...

More and more phones, televisions, smart speakers, and cars are embedded with automated speech-recognition technologies that transcribe speech into written words. These technologies enable the devices ...

“I asked it to call one of my sisters, and it then started calling an old boss that I don’t talk to any more.” —Amy, 25, recalling an awkward experience using a voice-operated device. Using voice to ...