Intramuscular prime/intranasal boost vaccination protocol reduces LAIV shedding. (A) Schematic representation of the experimental design. Red points on the timeline indicate the time points of blood ...

In a study headed by researchers at the Institute of Virology and Immunology (IVI) in Mittelhäusern, a new, two-step flu vaccination strategy that pairs intramuscular injection of a viral vectored flu ...

Physical castration (PC) is painful and stressful for nursing piglets. One alternative to PC is immunological castration (IC), but the pain and stress of handling associated with injections have not ...