For the first time, scientists have expanded life's genetic alphabet, by inserting two unnatural, man-made "letters" into a bacterium's DNA, and by showing that the cell's machinery can copy them. The ...

“What a beautiful paper,” says chemical and biological engineer Michael Jewett of Northwestern University who was not involved in the study. “What’s so special about the work is that the authors have ...

The ABC deficiency was first noticed by BCA Research chief global strategist Peter Berezin. Using ChatGPT 5.1, which was ...

We list, without thinking, the four base types that make up DNA as adenine, guanine, cytosine and thymine. But why are there four? This question is now all the more relevant as organic chemists have ...