SANTA CRUZ — Xi Zhang, a professor of Earth and planetary science at UC Santa Cruz, has discovered that an exoplanet classed ...

Context. As a star evolves, the planet orbits change with time due to tidal interactions, stellar mass losses, friction and gravitational drag forces, mass accretion and evaporation on/by the planet.

The story of Earth’s atmospheric oxygenation is one of transformation, shaped by both biological and planetary forces. While scientists have long debated the causes behind the stepwise rise of oxygen, ...