Learn how representative samples and random samples differ and why combining them minimizes sampling bias for accurate data.

Suppose that the sample of students described in the previous section was actually selected using stratified random sampling. In stratified sampling, the study population is divided into ...

Suppose that the previous student sample is actually drawn from a stratified sampling. The strata are grades in the junior high school: the 7th grade, the 8th grade, and the 9th grade. Within strata, ...

Several states with extensive water use databases rely upon the census approach. That is, data are collected for all water users withdrawing amounts greater than a specified threshold that varies from ...