Signal transduction is the fundamental process by which cells convert external cues into tailored intracellular responses. Through a cascade of molecular events—beginning at the cell membrane with the ...

Bacterial chemotaxis is a sophisticated behavioural process that enables microorganisms to navigate toward favourable environments by detecting subtle differences in chemical gradients. At the heart ...

Loss of the TRPM1 ion channel in retinal ON bipolar cells disrupts communication with AII amacrine cells, causing anti-phase oscillations in retinal ganglion cells and structural remodeling of rod ...