In the early days of the semiconductor industry, integrated circuits were designed by one or two engineers with slide-rules, hand-drawn on paper, and then given to a lithographer to print onto silicon ...

Computer Aided Design (CAD) has evolved from electronic versions of hand‐drawn sketches into comprehensive, multidimensional modelling environments that underpin modern engineering and manufacturing.

Computer-aided manufacturing is a software tool that assists engineers, architects, and other professionals to design and manufacture objects. CAM software refers to use of computer to assist all ...