Abstract: Modular exponentiation with a large modulus, which is usually accomplished by repeated modular multiplications, has been widely used in public key cryptosystems for secured data ...

Abstract: Modular exponentiation (ME) that computes by repeating modular multiplications (M2), is main operation in public-key cryptosystems. In recent years, many researchers studied on improving M2 ...

A logarithm is the power which a certain number is raised to get another number. Before calculators and various types of complex computers were invented it was difficult for scientists and ...

Minimal examples of data structures and algorithms in Python - keon/algorithms ...

In the cases where exactness may not be possible, the next best solution is robustness. A robust algorithm is exact for some small perturbation of its inputs. Taking Voronoi diagrams as example, it ...

Classical conditioning is a way to learn using unconscious associations. Pavlov discovered classical conditioning when dogs started to salivate at the sound of a bell before they got food. The ...