Abstract: Evapotranspiration (ET) is a critical component of the global water cycle, but one that is difficult to estimate due in part to a lack of accurate and affordable sensor technology. One ...

Abstract: In this work, we propose a robust water level sensor based on a fiber Bragg grating (FBG). The sensor head is formed by a cylindrical PVC cap with 4 cm diameter. The cap was filled with ...

One of the major problems faced by most countries today is water scarcity. This scarcity is mainly due to the wastage of water. There is an urgent need to control water wastage to protect the ...