Abstract: Multi-input frequency shift keyying can overcome the problem of low band utilization rate in the process of binary frequency shift keyying, and has a wide practical application range. In ...

ABSTRACT: Wireless Underground Sensor Networks (WUSNs) offer promising solutions for applications such as pipeline monitoring, agriculture, and border patrol, but they face significant challenges due ...

Optical wireless communication (OWC) offers significant advantages over traditional radio frequency systems due to its high bandwidth, ease of deployment, license-free operation, immunity to ...

Abstract: The paper presents the comparison performance in terms of error performance between two modulation techniques, the BPSK and QPSK modulation. Both ...

Error vector magnitude characterizes actual QAM signals’ deviations from their ideal locations due to nonlinearity and phase noise. Figure 1. Factors such as ...

If you’re completely new to Microsoft Word, you’re probably wondering where to begin. You’ve come to the right place because we’ll get you started. From what you see in the Word window to how to save ...

The combination of high-order modulation formats and linewidth-tolerant carrier phase estimation (CPE) can effectively improve spectrum efficiency and relax the limitation of laser linewidth. This ...

Sixty years ago, on May 1, 1964, at 4 am in the morning, a quiet revolution in computing began at Dartmouth College. That’s when mathematicians John G. Kemeny and Thomas E. Kurtz successfully ran the ...