The total area under the curve must equal 1, representing the fact that the probability of some outcome occurring within the entire range is certain. \[\int_{-\infty}^{\infty}f\left(x\right)dx=1\] ...

Editorial Note: We earn a commission from partner links on Forbes Advisor. Commissions do not affect our editors' opinions or evaluations. A variable annuity is a way to get the stability of a ...

A discrete random variable is a type of random variable that can take on a countable set of distinct values. Common examples include the number of children in a family, the outcome of rolling a die, ...

Abstract: An important characteristic of a complex random variable z is the so-called circularity property or lack of it. We study the properties of the degree of circularity based on second-order ...

Daniel is a News Writer from the United Kingdom. Relatively new to the industry with almost three years of experience, he has focused on establishing himself in the gaming space. While he focuses on ...

Ashlee is an insurance editor, journalist and business professional with an MBA and more than 17 years of hands-on experience in both business and personal finance. She is passionate about empowering ...

Forecasting for any small business involves guesswork. You know your business and its past performance, but you may not be comfortable predicting the future. Using Excel is a great way to perform what ...

Will Kenton is an expert on the economy and investing laws and regulations. He previously held senior editorial roles at Investopedia and Kapitall Wire and holds a MA in Economics from The New School ...

ABSTRACT: This paper, comparison of two sample tests, is motivated by the fact that in the test of significant difference between two independent samples, numerous methods can be adopted; each may ...