Abstract: Today high speed protection of power system elements is necessary and realizable. This paper introduces time-domain protection techniques for transmission lines using voltage and current ...

Abstract: The paper presents a comparative investigations of the state estimation of a power system with a phase shifting transformer in the polar and rectangular coordinate systems. The estimation ...

Xt = transformed coordinate vector X = initial coordinate vector T = translation vector R = rotation matrix including rx, ry, rz rx, ry, rz = rotations around the coordinate axes s = scale factor ...